6.27.08 : : a theological discussion…
June 27th, 2008 by garyas a guy who is involved in Christian church work, and who has had the privilege of helping get a couple of churches started, i often wrestle with church “stuff.”
recently, a good friend and i wondered out-loud, together, why we even “do” church in a large group settings the way we do in the U.S. in the earliest days of the Christian church, right after Jesus ascended to His Father, “church” was done in small groups (5-25) in homes…
so, i asked several theologically minded friends these questions:
what happens in a large group church worship setting that does not or cannot happen in a small group, house church kind of setting? why do we have the large group gatherings?
below you’ll find their insightful answers. we would all welcome any further discussion here, if you wish to join in on the conversation… especially those of you who may not consider yourself a “Christian.” your insights into this conversation would be very enlightening.
since this is a very informal setting, i have removed everyone’s names to prevent someone, somewhere from quoting them out of context. this is an electronic conversation, not a theological treatise…
begin answers:
answer 1:
1 - Possibility for greater diversity that is more representative of the larger body of Christ
2 - Worship experience can be amplified by a larger group
3 - The sense of belonging to something bigger than myself is experienced more tangibly though ultimately it is a faith/imagination issue—the body of Christ across centuries and cultures. Biblically, the illustrations would be the nation of Israel going up to Jerusalem to worship and in the epistles where the church in a specific geographic location is addressed. (Also, Jesus addressing the churches in Rev 2-3.)
4 - Traction for mission/ministry can be gained as the Spirit moves across the gathered community.
5 - I can lose myself more easily in a larger group than in a small setting.
answer 2:
The more people, the more gifts. The more gifts, the greater the diversity for options in worship, the more likely you minister well to a greater number of people in a greater number of contexts. Likely you will have more resources, which can (though doesn’t always) create greater quality (in the best sense of the term), the more checks and balances and accountability, the more insights and creativity, and so on. Of course, if the larger group turns out to be every bit as homogeneous as the smaller group, then all these opportunities may be lost.
Come on Gary and _______, you could have come up with that from your seminary education, if not just common sense, without me! (note from gary: knowing this person, i believe this was meant in jest…)
answer 3:
Gary, this is a wonderful question. My thoughts:
1. Small groups create a context for the development of friendship. This leads to my next point.
2. We need corporate worship with the body of Christ; not just our friends. Personally, I think the greatest danger of a small group only model is that it doesn’t take long for me to hang out with people I like….which can tend to be a very short list if I search my heart.
We need young people, old people, single people, married people, people with disabilities, poor people, people of a different ethnic background, and in general, people who are not on our radar screen. Trinitarian worship in which we participate in the worship of God through the Son in the power of the Spirit comes alive when we are singing, confessing, preaching, celebrating the Lords supper with people we might even consider enemies but because of Christ turn out to be a brother or sister. The likelihood of having this experience is greater the larger the group. I know this is just my opinion but experientially, it is a pretty good one.
answer 4:
Thanks very much for including me in this conversation. You ask an important question.
[answer 3]’s response is, in my opinion, right on the mark.
And I — I’m not implicating [answer 3] here — would add the following. Recognizing that “small” and “large” are relative terms (relative personally, culturally, etc.), I confess that I am suspicious of attempts to be and do church “small” only (and I am uncomfortable with attempts to be and do church “large” only). In the case of “small” alone, the danger is that we craft our beliefs and actions (not least, our corporate worship) in ways that are accountable and satisfying to primarily (or only) those “few” who choose (probably based on affinity) to come together. For both accountability and enrichment (and many would add increased impact and effectiveness) we need a catholic mindset, a catholic posture, and catholic relationships and connections.
I look forward to hearing what others have to say.
answer 5:
[answer 3] gave a very wise response.
In principle, anything that needs to happen in corporate worship can happen in a smaller group just as it can in a larger group. Numbers are not the issue, per se. In many parts of the world, many congregations are not much larger than what we call small groups. The difference, though, is that in those churches people are there only or primarily because of Jesus. That group may be the only option for them. They are not there primarily because of affinities or special agendas such as a Bible or book study, support for a particular struggle, or the need to find friends, as is so often the case for our small groups.
Paul connected ecclesiology to Christology in a way that is instructive here. The Church is a collection (apparently quite random, from a human perspective) of people who are called out from all types of backgrounds and settings, brought together in and reconciled to each other by Jesus (1 Cor. 11:17f., Eph. 2). The gospel is to be practiced and experienced corporately, which implies to me that church ought to bring us together in ways that create this opportunity.
I do not go as far as some in arguing that ethnic homogeneity in churches is sinful (in fact, I think that argument is silly and naïve). However, we should think twice about how the proliferation of choices in this culture allows us to perpetuate structures that, in turn, allow us to avoid the situations where we would have to practice the gospel corporately. Kevin makes a great point about the significance of having to take the Lord’s table with people with whom we would not want to be in a small group. I love what Marva Dawn said in “The Unnecessary Pastor.” “Sometimes I think that God puts us in community with people we can’t stand, just to give us practice in learning to love our enemies.”
answer 6:
Just one more small thought (among those of giants…)
We should remember that true worship as the gathered Christian church is a place of sacrifice, too, not just a place of blessing. In our day, it is one of the few places where we are forced to love people we did not get to choose at a time and place which are often inconvenient for us. It reminds us that it is not just about us.
answer 7:
Great discussion here. I’ll preface all of this by saying that my thoughts are for a specifically American context where it’s possible to gather in a large setting. In some places, that’s not possible….
Piggybacking off the catholicity angle…one of the marks of the church is unity around the Apostles’ teaching - a unity of both doctrine and basic Christian lifestyle. I see this modeled in Acts 2 and 4. And evidently, it was pretty difficult to maintain unity because the Apostles had to write letters urging the churches to stay united in both belief and experience - see especially Paul in 1 Corinthians and Ephesians and John in 1 John. This continued into the Patristic era and is a common theme of their writing. So unity is our goal, and unity is difficult. That is where I see the value of a larger corporate gathering. It gathers all of the believers of a particular church together and teaches them together, at the same time, with one voice, what the Christian faith is. A gifted pastor-teacher is able to leverage a teaching gift and instruct the church together from Scripture. Worship through music sings together about the faith. And our “sharing in the body of Christ” gets visibly demonstrated at the Lord’s Table. Of course, we can do teaching, singing, and Eucharist in a smaller group, but if unity to the larger body of Christ is the goal, then why not get together and do it together? Not to mention the value of a clear, gifted, authoritative teaching voice from Scripture to keep the church unified.
In all of this large vs. small discussion, what I fear most is our tendency to elevate some gifts (usually our own) above others. You’ll often find people with preaching gifts emphasizing the value of the large gathering. In reaction, people with gifts that operate better in a smaller context gravitate toward that end of the spectrum. In church planting circles, I’ve seen both extremes. I’ve seen guys with strong preaching gifts build churches that are not much deeper than a Sunday service. And I’ve seen guys with more personal, one-on-one shepherding gifts feel called to a house-church-only model (sometimes after attempting a bigger-gathering and being frustrated). But the healthiest churches I know are doing both well, gathering both large and small. In all of this, we need Jesus to give us a lot of humility to admit who we are, who we aren’t, and to embrace others’ gifts and not try to build churches exclusively around our own.
So I guess my short answer to your question about why gather large is: to better maintain and demonstrate our unity in Christ. But I would counter that by saying that the depth of Jesus’ body often gets experienced in a smaller setting, where more people have space to lead and the gifts can be applied at a more personal level.
answer 8:
So much of me wants to throw out a cynical joke…but I can’t do it given the address list. I was thinking along the lines of “We need a corporate gathering so people have a place to come and not give money. There are no free meals left in our culture, other than the dominant experience of church attendees.”
I’m so pomo
answer 9:
great discussion. thanks, gary, for getting it started.
what i would add are a few observations i’ve made of the experiences of non-believers in home church contexts. before we launched our church plant we had multiple home church-like meetings and these reflect feedback from non-christians….
first is that non-christians are almost always uncomfortable and/or unwilling to go to a ‘church’ thing in someone’s home. it is too intimate a setting for them. they need space and being in a basement with 25 other christians is overwhelming. non-christians tend to already feel judged by christians and being lock up with a bunch of them, without a socially acceptably out, is so awkward a situation for them that they avoid it like the plague.
similarly it also can be too intimidating a setting for non-christians. stick a non-christian who has very little christian background in a house with a dozen christians who are there to ‘do church’ and what do you think he/she will experience? in addition to the feeling of being in the twilight zone for a couple of hours, the non-christian feels so ‘uneducated’ and behind everyone else that it is massively discouraging to them in their spiritual quest.
the last thing has to do with the issue of credibility. non-christians are already skeptical of ‘religion’ as it is, and the prospect of doing something religious in someone’s home is a bit too sketchy for them. for a non-christian there is just not a whole lot of difference between home church and heaven’s gate. having a public meeting place indicates to non-believers that there is a measure of accountability - that this group is not a secretive cult doing weird things in the darkness of their own homes.
in sum, home church is a tough sell to non-believers…
more can be said but i hope these observations are useful to you.
answer 10 (second word from answer 5, in response to answer 9):
Agreed. An example of what [answer 9] is talking about is the experience [local church planter] had some years ago when doing the initial surveys for launching that congregation… As he interviewed people and asked them for their responses to possible names for the new church, he was surprised that they were offput by the trend toward generic church names. People told him to be upfront about who and what the church was. Put it on the table. They wanted honesty and openness. So, much to
[local church planter]’s surprise, he ended up with “[denominational name]” in the name of the
congregation. This seems consistent with [answer 9]’s point about public accountability.
answer 11:
Love the ongoing conversation. . . I am learning from the great feedback you are receiving Gary. Hey, I’ll just add a couple thoughts as well. For the first 300 years or so, the Church was nothing BUT small home gatherings. However, that doesn’t mean it was biblically mandated - I’m sure they simply wanted to fly under the radar. There is nothing evil about one and more godly about another setting. . . Just strengths and concerns for each. I anticipate that home settings actually engages everyone more effectively. There is less chance of ‘dead wood’ in a setting where everyone is known. It is intimidating and far more difficult to ‘hide/disappear’ in that setting. Large settings can provide lots of
places and opportunities to fade into the balcony. Larger settings also turn professional. . . Little “Larry” would not be able to play is lame trombone solo in a huge church that has a killer praise team. However, in a home setting, he would be encouraged and applauded no matter how many notes were missed. I’ll add one more word that seems to become more powerful as the church grows larger. . . Momentum. I have attended both home church and mega-church settings. The ethos created when I am part of thousands of other worshippers includes a powerful momentum - as sense of being part of something far greater than me or my small group of friends. Movements are often birthed in small contexts, but momentum increases as others join.
answer 12:
I was hesitant to add to everyone’s inbox until I saw the good thoughts from others and enjoyed them.
The only angle I might add - that Don, Dr. B, Dave, and others hinted at - is that the question seems to have two approaches to it, and both are necessary. If we are talking large group gatherings v. smaller group settings, it seems helpful to think in terms of ecclesiology AND “environmental exegesis” (orthodoxy and orthopraxy - just so I can sound smarter given that my former professors are in the audience). If a missionary went out today to a Brazilian village and set up rows of pews for an evangelistic service, we might rightly call it an odd blend of theology and western imperialism. When the Methodists did the same thing in Kentucky in the early 1800’s, it seemed appropriate and effective for that time. If a pastor engages interpersonal church discipline issues from the pulpit, we might call it indirect, inappropriate, and off-putting to most. If he does it in his small group with those directly involved, we call it healthy, and a redemptive movement for those who are a part of it.
So I might agree with the both/and route and not the either/or route. Regarding what happens in large v. small church settings, theologically (and historically) it seems that all of the primary biblical purposes for the church can take place in either setting. But in my orthopraxy, I would say that both environments are necessary to maintain the health and function of the other (i.e. unity, catholicity, authenticity, personal accountability, etc).
end answers… from here on out, we’ll leave any further discussion to the comments section.
i am honored to have such thoughtful friends and mentors…
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